{"id":3379,"date":"2021-03-20T22:35:24","date_gmt":"2021-03-20T21:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/?p=3379"},"modified":"2021-12-09T17:06:14","modified_gmt":"2021-12-09T16:06:14","slug":"celownik-dativ","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/celownik-dativ\/","title":{"rendered":"When do we use celownik?"},"content":{"rendered":"

It’s been quite a while since I discovered that for many of my students celownik (dativ) is one of the most confusing Polish cases.<\/h2>\n

That’s why I decided to explain a little bit more about when we need to use it. First thing I can say is that celownik is usually used when we talk about an action which is directed to a human. Look at the examples:<\/p>\n

Czy mog\u0119 ci pom\u00f3c? Can I help you?
\nDaj mi to prosz\u0119. Give it to me please.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Of course, we can replace a pronoun relating to a person with an object, for example:<\/p>\n

Czym mog\u0119 pom\u00f3c naszemu szpitalowi? How can I help our hospital?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A hospital is obviously not a person, but then we don’t help an institution itself, but people who are being cured there. Now what if we replace the word «hospital» with «forest»? I doubt we would really say that in any context. In Polish mentality celownik is very strongly connected with people and leaving creatures. But still this logic is quite intuitive, which means that for my students who hear about celownik for the first time it’s not really helpful.<\/p>\n

Then there is one more question. When I say that celownik is usually used when we talk about an action which is directed to a human, my students almost always answer me, that the verb «kocha\u0107» (to love) certainly is directed to people as well, but we don’t use celownik after that. This remark is true enough, but the difference is that celownik is used almost only in the context of people, whereas «kocha\u0107» can be used for both people and objects:<\/p>\n

Kocham moje lekcje polskiego! I love my Polish classes!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Finally I gave up and decided that the best option will be to note down all the verbs which require celownik. And examples, of course! There might be several more verbs, which I haven’t thought of, but these are definittely the most used ones.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. DAWA\u0106
    \n

    To jest ksi\u0105\u017cka, kt\u00f3r\u0105 nam wczoraj da\u0142e\u015b.
    \nThis is the book you gave us yesterday.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  2. KUPOWA\u0106
    \n

    Mamo, kupisz mi ciastko?
    \nMum, will you buy me a biscuit?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  3. DAROWA\u0106
    \n

    Co mu podarowa\u0142e\u015b na \u015bwi\u0119ta?
    \nWhat did you give him for holidays?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  4. PRZEKAZYWA\u0106
    \n

    Mo\u017cesz jej prosz\u0119 przekaza\u0107 ten list?
    \nCan you pass this letter to her?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  5. POKAZYWA\u0106
    \n

    Tata pokaza\u0142 nam wczoraj zdj\u0119cia.
    \nFather showed us pictures yesterday.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  6. OFEROWA\u0106
    \n

    Dyrektor zaoferowa\u0142 mi awans.
    \nMy boss offered me a promotion.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  7. PROPONOWA\u0106
    \n

    Czy mog\u0119 ci zaproponowa\u0107 wsp\u00f3lny spacer?
    \nCan I propose you a walk?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  8. OFIAROWA\u0106 (a little old-fashioned word, usually related to historical figures and used in literature)
    \n

    Kr\u00f3l ofiarowa\u0142 jej brylantowy pier\u015bcionek.
    \nKing offered her a diamond ring.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  9. WIERZY\u0106
    \n

    Dlaczego ty im nie wierzysz?
    \nWhy don’t you believe them?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  10. UFA\u0106
    \n

    Zawsze wam bardzo ufa\u0142am.
    \nI have always strongly trusted you.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  11. ZAZDRO\u015aCI\u0106
    \n

    Ona mi zazdro\u015bci dobrej pracy.
    \nShe envies me for a good job.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  12. BY\u0106 WDZI\u0118CZNYM
    \n

    Jestem ci bardzo wdzi\u0119czna za pomoc!
    \nI’m very grateful to you for your help!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  13. ZAWDZI\u0118CZA\u0106
    \n

    Nie masz poj\u0119cia, jak wiele im zawdzi\u0119czam!
    \nYou have no idea how much I owe to them!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  14. OBIECYWA\u0106
    \n

    Obieca\u0142 nam, \u017ce b\u0119dzie punktualnie o \u00f3smej.
    \nHe promised us he would be punctual at 8.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  15. POMAGA\u0106
    \n

    Pomo\u017cesz mi z obiadem?
    \nWill you help me with lunch?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  16. PRZYGL\u0104DA\u0106 SI\u0118
    \n

    Lekarz przygl\u0105da si\u0119 im uwa\u017cnie.
    \nThe doctor examined them carefully.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  17. DEDYKOWA\u0106
    \n

    Chc\u0119 ci zadedykowa\u0107 t\u0119 ksi\u0105\u017ck\u0119.
    \nI wan to dedicate this book to you.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  18. PO\u015aWI\u0118CI\u0106
    \n

    Po\u015bwi\u0119ci\u0142am ci tyle czasu!
    \nI devoted so much time to you!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  19. SKAR\u017bY\u0106 SI\u0118
    \n

    Ona mu si\u0119 ca\u0142y czas skar\u017cy na \u017cycie.
    \nShe complains to him about life all the time.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  20. SPRZEDAWA\u0106
    \n

    Sprzedali ci nie\u015bwie\u017ce pomidory.
    \nThey sold you green tomatoes!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  21. ZWIERZA\u0106 SI\u0118
    \n

    Kasia zwierza mi si\u0119 ze swoich sekret\u00f3w.
    \nKasia confides her secrets to me.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  22. M\u00d3WI\u0106
    \n

    M\u00f3wi\u0119 ci, \u017ce nie masz racji!
    \nI’m telling you, you aren’t right!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  23. OPOWIADA\u0106
    \n

    Czy opowiada\u0142e\u015b im o tym?
    \nHave you told them about it?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n

  24. POWIEDZIE\u0106
    \n

    Mo\u017cesz nam powiedzie\u0107, co si\u0119 sta\u0142o?
    \nCan you tell us, what happened?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    It’s been quite a while since I discovered that for many of my students celownik (dativ) is one of the most confusing Polish cases. That’s why I decided to explain a little bit more about when we need to use it. First thing I can say is that celownik is usually used when we talk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"postlang":[95],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3379"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4304,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379\/revisions\/4304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3379"},{"taxonomy":"postlang","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/postlang?post=3379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}