{"id":4086,"date":"2021-10-25T11:21:49","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T09:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/?p=4086"},"modified":"2025-01-27T08:59:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T07:59:38","slug":"tryb-rozkazujacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/tryb-rozkazujacy\/","title":{"rendered":"Ucz si\u0119, czytaj, zapisuj! Tryb rozkazuj\u0105cy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u00f3bowali\u015bcie kiedy\u015b znale\u017a\u0107 szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe zasady, dotycz\u0105ce trybu rozkazuj\u0105cego w polskim? Je\u015bli tak, to na pewno wiecie, \u017ce to nie tak \u0142atwo je znale\u017a\u0107. Zazwyczaj s\u0105 to og\u00f3lne regu\u0142y, mn\u00f3stwo wyj\u0105tk\u00f3w i jeszcze wi\u0119cej w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci. Ale po co istnieje ta strona? \u017beby rozwi\u0105za\u0107 ten problem!<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"quote\">\n<h2 class=\"quote\">Have you ever tried to find detailed rules for indicative in Polish? If you have, you will know that it&#8217;s not easy to find them. Usually these are basic rules, a long list of exceptions and the doubts that come with them. But what does this website exist for? To solve this problem!<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Oto szczeg\u00f3\u0142owy zbi\u00f3r zasad, przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w i wa\u017cniejszych wyj\u0105tk\u00f3w dotycz\u0105cych trybu rozkazuj\u0105cego. W ich analizie pom\u00f3g\u0142 mi Mateusz Demianiuk, za\u0142o\u017cyciel bezp\u0142atnego serwisu <a href=\"https:\/\/lekcja.online\/home\/\">lekcja.online<\/a>. Znajdziecie tam wiele materia\u0142\u00f3w gramatycznych i leksykalnych, przygotowanych przeze mnie i Mateusza.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"quote\"><p>Here is a detailed set of rules, examples and important exceptions for indicative. In analysing them I was helped by Mateusz Demianiuk, the creator of a free website called <a href=\"https:\/\/lekcja.online\/en\/home\/\">lekcja.online<\/a>. You can find there a lot of grammar and vocabulary materials which were prepared by Mateusz and me.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na pocz\u0105tku chc\u0119 zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 wasz\u0105 uwag\u0119 na fakt, \u017ce w trybie rozkazuj\u0105cym nie ma formy dla pierwszej osoby liczby pojedynczej. Opr\u00f3cz tego, dla trzeciej osoby liczby pojedynczej i mnogiej my po prostu dodajemy s\u0142owo &#8220;niech&#8221; do form czasu tera\u017aniejszego:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">on pracuje \u2013 niech on pracuje!<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">on robi \u2013 niech on robi!<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">oni pracuj\u0105 \u2013 niech oni pracuj\u0105!<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">oni robi\u0105 \u2013 niech oni robi\u0105!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"quote\"><p>To begin with, I would like to point out that in indicative there are no forms for the first person singular. What&#8217;s more, for the third person singular and plural we simply add the word &#8220;niech&#8221; to forms of present tense:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">on pracuje \u2013 niech on pracuje!<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">On robi \u2013 niech on robi!<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">Oni pracuj\u0105 \u2013 niech oni pracuj\u0105!<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">Oni robi\u0105 \u2013 niech oni robi\u0105!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">W gruncie rzeczy, jedyna forma, kt\u00f3r\u0105 musicie zapami\u0119ta\u0107 &#8211; to forma drugiej osoby liczby pojedynczej. Potem do niej dodaje si\u0119 ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -my dla pierwszej osoby liczby mnogiej i -cie dla drugiej osoby liczby mnogiej.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">A teraz sp\u00f3jrzmy, jak powstaj\u0105 formy drugiej osoby liczby pojedynczej.<\/p>\n<p><mark>1. Jednosylabowe czasowniki zmieniaj\u0105 ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -\u0107 na -j:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pi\u0107 \u2013 pij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">my\u0107 \u2013 myj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">da\u0107 \u2013 daj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wy\u0107 \u2013 wyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">bi\u0107 \u2013 bij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 \u017cyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">bi\u0107 \u2013 bij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kry\u0107 \u2013 kryj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">mie\u0107 \u2013 miej<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kry\u0107 \u2013 kryj<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">Wyj\u0105tkami s\u0105 najcz\u0119\u015bciej jednosylabowe czasowniki z ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 -a\u0107 lub -\u0105\u0107:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">by\u0107 \u2013 b\u0105d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">spa\u0107 \u2013 \u015bpij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">sta\u0107 \u2013 st\u00f3j<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wsta\u0107 \u2013 wsta\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ba\u0107 si\u0119 \u2013 b\u00f3j si\u0119<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">la\u0107 \u2013 lej<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">bra\u0107 \u2013 bierz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ci\u0105\u0107 \u2013 tnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kl\u0105\u0107 \u2013 klnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wzi\u0105\u0107 \u2013 we\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pi\u0105\u0107 \u2013 pnij<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">In fact, the only form that you need to memorise is the form of the second person singular. Then we add to it the ending -my for the first person plural and -cie for the second person plural.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">Now let&#8217;s see how the forms of the second person singular are being created.<\/p>\n<p><mark>1. One-syllable words change their ending -\u0107 into -j:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pi\u0107 \u2013 pij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">my\u0107 \u2013 myj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">da\u0107 \u2013 daj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wy\u0107 \u2013 wyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">bi\u0107 \u2013 bij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 \u017cyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">bi\u0107 \u2013 bij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kry\u0107 \u2013 kryj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">mie\u0107 \u2013 miej<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kry\u0107 \u2013 kryj<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">The exceptions are usually one-syllable verbs with the ending -a\u0107 or -\u0105\u0107:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">by\u0107 \u2013 b\u0105d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">spa\u0107 \u2013 \u015bpij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">sta\u0107 \u2013 st\u00f3j<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wsta\u0107 \u2013 wsta\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ba\u0107 si\u0119 \u2013 b\u00f3j si\u0119<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">la\u0107 \u2013 lej<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">bra\u0107 \u2013 bierz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ci\u0105\u0107 \u2013 tnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kl\u0105\u0107 \u2013 klnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wzi\u0105\u0107 \u2013 we\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pi\u0105\u0107 \u2013 pnij<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">Zwr\u00f3\u0107cie uwag\u0119, \u017ce najwa\u017cniejsza jest podstawowa, najkr\u00f3tsza forma czasownika i jej forma trybu rozkazuj\u0105cego. Je\u015bli mo\u017cna do niej doda\u0107 przyrostek i w ten spos\u00f3b stworzy\u0107 czasownik dwusylabowy, w\u00f3wczas forma trybu rozkazuj\u0105cego b\u0119dzie si\u0119 sk\u0142ada\u0107 z formy podstawowego czasownika, z dodan\u0105 przystawk\u0105. Inaczej m\u00f3wi\u0105c, taki czasownik b\u0119dzie si\u0119 zachowywa\u0107, jak jednosylabowy z przedrostkiem, a nie jak typowy dwusylabowy. Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"quote\"><p>Make note that the most important form is the basic, the shortest one and its indicative form. If you can add a prefix to it and by that create a two-syllable verb, the indicative form will consist of the basic form with the added prefix. In other words such a verb will behave like a one-syllable verb with a prefix and not like a typical two-syllable verb. For example:<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\"><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"25\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">bi\u0107 \u2013 bij<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">zabi\u0107 \u2013 zabij<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">odbi\u0107 \u2013 odbij<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"25\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">da\u0107 \u2013 daj<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">odda\u0107 \u2013 oddaj <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">wyda\u0107 \u2013 wydaj <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"25\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">my\u0107 \u2013 myj <\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">umy\u0107 \u2013 umyj<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">odmy\u0107 \u2013 odmyj <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"25\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">bra\u0107 \u2013 bierz<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">zabra\u0107 \u2013 zabierz<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">wybra\u0107 \u2013 wybierz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>2. D\u0142u\u017csze czasowniki zako\u0144czone na -a\u0107 zmieniaj\u0105 ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 na -aj:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">dawa\u0107 \u2013 dawaj;\u00a0 wydawa\u0107 \u2013 wydawaj;\u00a0 oddawa\u0107 &#8211; oddaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">trzyma\u0107 \u2013 trzymaj;\u00a0 wytrzyma\u0107 \u2013 wytrzymaj;\u00a0 zatrzyma\u0107 \u2013 zatrzymaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">s\u0142ucha\u0107 \u2013 s\u0142uchaj;\u00a0 wys\u0142ucha\u0107 \u2013 wys\u0142uchaj;\u00a0 dos\u0142ucha\u0107 &#8211; dos\u0142uchaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wstawa\u0107 \u2013 wstawaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ufa\u0107 \u2013 ufaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">uwa\u017ca\u0107 \u2013 uwa\u017caj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ogl\u0105da\u0107 &#8211; ogl\u0105daj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ubiera\u0107 si\u0119 &#8211; ubieraj si\u0119<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wyj\u0105tki:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">jecha\u0107 \u2013 jed\u017a;\u00a0 odjecha\u0107 &#8211; odjed\u017a;\u00a0 wyjecha\u0107 &#8211; wyjed\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pisa\u0107 \u2013 pisz;\u00a0 napisa\u0107 &#8211; napisz;\u00a0 przepisa\u0107 &#8211; przepisz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">sta\u0107 \u2013 st\u00f3j<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wk\u0142ada\u0107 \u2013 w\u0142\u00f3\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">p\u0142aka\u0107 \u2013 p\u0142acz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pisa\u0107 \u2013 pisz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">klaska\u0107 \u2013 klaszcz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">skaka\u0107 \u2013 skacz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">liza\u0107 \u2013 li\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wi\u0105za\u0107 \u2013 wi\u0105\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zebra\u0107 \u2013 zbierz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ubra\u0107 si\u0119 &#8211; ubierz si\u0119<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>2. Longer verbs ending with -a\u0107 change their ending into -aj:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">dawa\u0107 \u2013 dawaj;\u00a0 wydawa\u0107 \u2013 wydawaj;\u00a0 oddawa\u0107 &#8211; oddaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">trzyma\u0107 \u2013 trzymaj;\u00a0 wytrzyma\u0107 \u2013 wytrzymaj;\u00a0 zatrzyma\u0107 \u2013 zatrzymaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">s\u0142ucha\u0107 \u2013 s\u0142uchaj;\u00a0 wys\u0142ucha\u0107 \u2013 wys\u0142uchaj;\u00a0 dos\u0142ucha\u0107 &#8211; dos\u0142uchaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wstawa\u0107 \u2013 wstawaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ufa\u0107 \u2013 ufaj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">uwa\u017ca\u0107 \u2013 uwa\u017caj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ogl\u0105da\u0107 &#8211; ogl\u0105daj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ubiera\u0107 si\u0119 &#8211; ubieraj si\u0119<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">exceptions:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">jecha\u0107 \u2013 jed\u017a;\u00a0 odjecha\u0107 &#8211; odjed\u017a;\u00a0 wyjecha\u0107 &#8211; wyjed\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pisa\u0107 \u2013 pisz;\u00a0 napisa\u0107 &#8211; napisz;\u00a0 przepisa\u0107 &#8211; przepisz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">sta\u0107 \u2013 st\u00f3j<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wk\u0142ada\u0107 \u2013 w\u0142\u00f3\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">p\u0142aka\u0107 \u2013 p\u0142acz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pisa\u0107 \u2013 pisz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">klaska\u0107 \u2013 klaszcz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">skaka\u0107 \u2013 skacz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">liza\u0107 \u2013 li\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wi\u0105za\u0107 \u2013 wi\u0105\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zebra\u0107 \u2013 zbierz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ubra\u0107 si\u0119 &#8211; ubierz si\u0119<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><\/p>\n<p><mark>3<mark>. Czasowniki<\/mark> zako\u0144czone na -owa\u0107 i d\u0142ugie czasowniki zako\u0144czone na -ywa\u0107 (co najmniej 3 sylaby) przybieraj\u0105 ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -uj. Dwusylabowe czasowniki zako\u0144czone na -ywa\u0107 zachowuj\u0105 si\u0119, jak czasowniki z drugiej grupy (ko\u0144c\u00f3wki na -a\u0107). <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">gotowa\u0107 \u2013 gotuj;\u00a0 przygotowa\u0107 \u2013 przygotuj;\u00a0 zagotowa\u0107 &#8211; zagotuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pracowa\u0107 \u2013 pracuj;\u00a0 zapracowa\u0107 \u2013 zapracuj;\u00a0 wypracowa\u0107 \u2013 wypracuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">budowa\u0107 \u2013 buduj;\u00a0 zbudowa\u0107 \u2013 zbuduj;\u00a0 wybudowa\u0107 \u2013 wybuduj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kupowa\u0107 \u2013 kupuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u015bwi\u0119towa\u0107 \u2013 \u015bwi\u0119tuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zapami\u0119tywa\u0107 \u2013 zapami\u0119tuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zapisywa\u0107 \u2013 zapisuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ok\u0142amywa\u0107 \u2013 ok\u0142amuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zgadywa\u0107 \u2013 zgaduj<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>3. The verbs ending with -owa\u0107 and long verbs ending with -ywa\u0107 (minimum 3 syllables) get the ending -uj. 2-syllable verbs, ending with -ywa\u0107 behave like the verbs from the second group (the ending -a\u0107). <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">gotowa\u0107 \u2013 gotuj;\u00a0 przygotowa\u0107 \u2013 przygotuj;\u00a0 zagotowa\u0107 &#8211; zagotuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pracowa\u0107 \u2013 pracuj;\u00a0 zapracowa\u0107 \u2013 zapracuj;\u00a0 wypracowa\u0107 \u2013 wypracuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">budowa\u0107 \u2013 buduj;\u00a0 zbudowa\u0107 \u2013 zbuduj;\u00a0 wybudowa\u0107 \u2013 wybuduj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kupowa\u0107 \u2013 kupuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u015bwi\u0119towa\u0107 \u2013 \u015bwi\u0119tuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zapami\u0119tywa\u0107 \u2013 zapami\u0119tuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zapisywa\u0107 \u2013 zapisuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ok\u0142amywa\u0107 \u2013 ok\u0142amuj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zgadywa\u0107 \u2013 zgaduj<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>4. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 czasownik\u00f3w dwusylabowych zako\u0144czonych na -i\u0107 odrzuca ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 i czasami podlega nieznacznym alternacjom korzeniowym:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">robi\u0107 \u2013 r\u00f3b;\u00a0 zrobi\u0107 \u2013 zr\u00f3b;\u00a0 przerobi\u0107 \u2013 przer\u00f3b<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kroi\u0107 \u2013 kr\u00f3j; pokroi\u0107 \u2013 pokr\u00f3j; przekroi\u0107 \u2013 przekr\u00f3j<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">m\u00f3wi\u0107 \u2013 m\u00f3w;\u00a0 um\u00f3wi\u0107 \u2013 um\u00f3w;\u00a0 zam\u00f3wi\u0107 \u2013 zam\u00f3w<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">chodzi\u0107 \u2013 chod\u017a;\u00a0 wychodzi\u0107 \u2013 wychod\u017a;\u00a0 przechodzi\u0107 \u2013 przechod\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kupi\u0107 \u2013 kup;\u00a0 odkupi\u0107 \u2013 odkup;\u00a0 wykupi\u0107 \u2013 wykup<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">dzwoni\u0107 \u2013 dzwo\u0144;\u00a0 zadzwoni\u0107 \u2013 zadzwo\u0144;\u00a0 oddzwoni\u0107 \u2013 oddzwo\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">goni\u0107 \u2013 go\u0144;\u00a0 dogoni\u0107 \u2013 dogo\u0144;\u00a0 wygoni\u0107 \u2013 wygo\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">nosi\u0107 \u2013 no\u015b;\u00a0 donosi\u0107 \u2013 dono\u015b;\u00a0 odnosi\u0107 \u2013 odno\u015b<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">rani\u0107 \u2013 ra\u0144;\u00a0 zrani\u0107 \u2013 zra\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">budzi\u0107 \u2013 bud\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">rozgo\u015bci\u0107 si\u0119 \u2013 rozgo\u015b\u0107 si\u0119<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">p\u0119dzi\u0107 \u2013 p\u0119d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">brudzi\u0107 \u2013 brud\u017a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>4. Most of two-syllable verbs which are ended with -i\u0107 lose their ending and they sometimes undergo some minor changes in the core: <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">robi\u0107 \u2013 r\u00f3b;\u00a0 zrobi\u0107 \u2013 zr\u00f3b;\u00a0 przerobi\u0107 \u2013 przer\u00f3b<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kroi\u0107 \u2013 kr\u00f3j; pokroi\u0107 \u2013 pokr\u00f3j; przekroi\u0107 \u2013 przekr\u00f3j<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">m\u00f3wi\u0107 \u2013 m\u00f3w;\u00a0 um\u00f3wi\u0107 \u2013 um\u00f3w;\u00a0 zam\u00f3wi\u0107 \u2013 zam\u00f3w<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">chodzi\u0107 \u2013 chod\u017a;\u00a0 wychodzi\u0107 \u2013 wychod\u017a;\u00a0 przechodzi\u0107 \u2013 przechod\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kupi\u0107 \u2013 kup;\u00a0 odkupi\u0107 \u2013 odkup;\u00a0 wykupi\u0107 \u2013 wykup<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">dzwoni\u0107 \u2013 dzwo\u0144;\u00a0 zadzwoni\u0107 \u2013 zadzwo\u0144;\u00a0 oddzwoni\u0107 \u2013 oddzwo\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">goni\u0107 \u2013 go\u0144;\u00a0 dogoni\u0107 \u2013 dogo\u0144;\u00a0 wygoni\u0107 \u2013 wygo\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">nosi\u0107 \u2013 no\u015b;\u00a0 donosi\u0107 \u2013 dono\u015b;\u00a0 odnosi\u0107 \u2013 odno\u015b<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">rani\u0107 \u2013 ra\u0144;\u00a0 zrani\u0107 \u2013 zra\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">budzi\u0107 \u2013 bud\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">rozgo\u015bci\u0107 si\u0119 \u2013 rozgo\u015b\u0107 si\u0119<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">p\u0119dzi\u0107 \u2013 p\u0119d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">brudzi\u0107 \u2013 brud\u017a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><mark>5. czasowniki dwusylabowe i d\u0142u\u017csze zako\u0144czone na -e\u0107 trac\u0105 ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wiedzie\u0107 \u2013 wiedz,\u00a0 powiedzie\u0107 \u2013 powiedz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">siedzie\u0107 \u2013 sied\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">le\u017ce\u0107 \u2013 le\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">lecie\u0107 \u2013 le\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">patrze\u0107 \u2013 patrz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">krzycze\u0107 &#8211; krzycz<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wyj\u0105tki:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">obejrze\u0107 \u2013 obejrzyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">przterze\u0107 \u2013 przetrzyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kaszle\u0107 \u2013 kaszlnij<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>5. Two-syllable and longer words ending with -e\u0107 lose their ending: <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wiedzie\u0107 \u2013 wiedz,\u00a0 powiedzie\u0107 \u2013 powiedz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">siedzie\u0107 \u2013 sied\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">le\u017ce\u0107 \u2013 le\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">lecie\u0107 \u2013 le\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">patrze\u0107 \u2013 patrz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">krzycze\u0107 &#8211; krzycz<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">exceptions:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">obejrze\u0107 \u2013 obejrzyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">przterze\u0107 \u2013 przetrzyj<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kaszle\u0107 \u2013 kaszlnij<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>6. Czasowniki dwusylabowe i d\u0142u\u017csze z ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 -y\u0107 i z korzeniem ko\u0144cz\u0105cym si\u0119 na twarde -cz, -sz, -rz, -\u017c, trac\u0105 ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -y\u0107: <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">liczy\u0107 \u2013 licz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">uczy\u0107 \u2013 ucz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">leczy\u0107 \u2013 lecz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wa\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 wa\u017c zwa\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 zwa\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">uderzy\u0107 \u2013 uderz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0107wiczy\u0107 &#8211; \u0107wiczy\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zauwa\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 zauwa\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">walczy\u0107 \u2013 walcz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wr\u0119czy\u0107 \u2013 wr\u0119cz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zaskoczy\u0107 \u2013 zaskocz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ruszy\u0107 \u2013 rusz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">suszy\u0107 \u2013 susz<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">stworzy\u0107 \u2013 stw\u00f3rz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">u\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 u\u0142\u00f3\u017c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><mark>6. Two-syllable and longer verbs ending with -y\u0107 and with a core which ends with hard -cz, -sz, -rz, -\u017c lose their ending -y\u0107: <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">liczy\u0107 \u2013 licz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">uczy\u0107 \u2013 ucz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">leczy\u0107 \u2013 lecz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wa\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 wa\u017c zwa\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 zwa\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">uderzy\u0107 \u2013 uderz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0107wiczy\u0107 &#8211; \u0107wiczy\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zauwa\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 zauwa\u017c<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">walczy\u0107 \u2013 walcz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wr\u0119czy\u0107 \u2013 wr\u0119cz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">zaskoczy\u0107 \u2013 zaskocz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ruszy\u0107 \u2013 rusz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">suszy\u0107 \u2013 susz<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">stworzy\u0107 \u2013 stw\u00f3rz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">u\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 \u2013 u\u0142\u00f3\u017c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><mark>7. czasowniki dwusylabowe i d\u0142u\u017csze z ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 -\u0105\u0107 zmieniaj\u0105 j\u0105 na -ij:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">chudn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 chudnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ci\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 ci\u0105gnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">krzykn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 krzyknij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">chrz\u0105kn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 chrz\u0105knij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">przecisn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 przeci\u015bnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">rosn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 ro\u015bnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pragn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 pragnij<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wyj\u0105tki:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">p\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 p\u0142y\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">stan\u0105\u0107 \u2013 sta\u0144<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><mark>7. Two-syllable and longer verbs with the ending -\u0105\u0107 change it into -ij: <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">chudn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 chudnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ci\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 ci\u0105gnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">krzykn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 krzyknij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">chrz\u0105kn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 chrz\u0105knij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">przecisn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 przeci\u015bnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">rosn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 ro\u015bnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">pragn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 pragnij<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"warning\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">exceptions:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">p\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 \u2013 p\u0142y\u0144<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">stan\u0105\u0107 \u2013 sta\u0144<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><mark>8. czasowniki zako\u0144czone na -\u015b\u0107 i -\u017a\u0107 nie maj\u0105 wsp\u00f3lnego paradygmatu zmiany formy, dlatego najlepiej wypisa\u0107 i zapami\u0119ta\u0107 najwa\u017cniejsze z nich:<\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">i\u015b\u0107 \u2013 id\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wej\u015b\u0107 \u2013 wejd\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">k\u0142a\u015b\u0107 \u2013 k\u0142ad\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">je\u015b\u0107 \u2013 jedz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">nie\u015b\u0107 \u2013 nie\u015b<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wsi\u0105\u015b\u0107 \u2013 wsi\u0105d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">usi\u0105\u015b\u0107 \u2013 usi\u0105d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">gry\u017a\u0107 \u2013 gry\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ple\u015b\u0107 \u2013 ple\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">gnie\u015b\u0107 \u2013 gnie\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kra\u015b\u0107 \u2013 kradnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">znale\u017a\u0107 \u2013 znajd\u017a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><mark>8. The verbs which end with -\u015b\u0107 and -\u017a\u0107 don&#8217;t have a common paradigm of form changes, so the best option is to list and memorise the most important ones of them: <\/mark><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"check\">\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">i\u015b\u0107 \u2013 id\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wej\u015b\u0107 \u2013 wejd\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">k\u0142a\u015b\u0107 \u2013 k\u0142ad\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">je\u015b\u0107 \u2013 jedz<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">nie\u015b\u0107 \u2013 nie\u015b<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">wsi\u0105\u015b\u0107 \u2013 wsi\u0105d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">usi\u0105\u015b\u0107 \u2013 usi\u0105d\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">gry\u017a\u0107 \u2013 gry\u017a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">ple\u015b\u0107 \u2013 ple\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">gnie\u015b\u0107 \u2013 gnie\u0107<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">kra\u015b\u0107 \u2013 kradnij<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">znale\u017a\u0107 \u2013 znajd\u017a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Proponuj\u0119 teraz utrwali\u0107 wszystkie poznane zasady! Postanowi\u0142am si\u0119 z wami podzieli\u0107 dwoma przepisami kulinarnymi na najbardziej tradycyjne dania mojego rodzinnego regionu, \u015al\u0105ska. Zastan\u00f3wcie si\u0119, analizujcie zasady, uzupe\u0142niajcie luki, a po sko\u0144czeniu \u0107wiczenia gotujcie i jedzcie! Smacznego! <img src=\"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/themes\/root\/images\/smilies\/smile.png\" alt=\":-)\" class=\"wp-smiley\" style=\"height: 1em; max-height: 1em;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"quote\"><p>Now I suggest that you memorise all the learned rules! I decided to share with you two recipes of the most traditional dishes of my native region, Silesia. Think, analyse the rules, fill in the gaps and after finishing the exercise &#8211; cook and eat! Enjoy!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4092 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/z24947938QZrazy-wieprzowe-mozna-przygotowac-z-karkowki-scha.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/z24947938QZrazy-wieprzowe-mozna-przygotowac-z-karkowki-scha.jpg 620w, https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/z24947938QZrazy-wieprzowe-mozna-przygotowac-z-karkowki-scha-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"620\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"410\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">ROLADA \u015aL\u0104SKA<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-100\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"100\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Rolady\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span itemprop=\"image\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><img itemprop=\"url image\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4098 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1067246-v-1500x1500-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1067246-v-1500x1500-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1067246-v-1500x1500-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1067246-v-1500x1500-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1067246-v-1500x1500-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1067246-v-1500x1500-1-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/1067246-v-1500x1500-1.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"700\"><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"700\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">KLUSKI \u015aL\u0104SKIE<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-101\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"101\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Kluski\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00f3bowali\u015bcie kiedy\u015b znale\u017a\u0107 szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe zasady, dotycz\u0105ce trybu rozkazuj\u0105cego w polskim? Je\u015bli tak, to na pewno wiecie, \u017ce to nie tak \u0142atwo je znale\u017a\u0107. Zazwyczaj s\u0105 to og\u00f3lne regu\u0142y, mn\u00f3stwo wyj\u0105tk\u00f3w i jeszcze wi\u0119cej w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci. Ale po co istnieje ta strona? \u017beby rozwi\u0105za\u0107 ten problem! Have you ever tried to find detailed rules for indicative in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[22,27],"tags":[],"postlang":[95,104,98],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4086"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4086"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5643,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4086\/revisions\/5643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4086"},{"taxonomy":"postlang","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polishnative.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/postlang?post=4086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}